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Browse section by drug:
Acyclovir
Clotrimazole
Miconazole
Diclofenac
Omeprazole
Enalapril
Ceftazidime
Co-Trimoxazole
Rulicin
Prednisolone INJECTION
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Acyclovir
Why is this medication prescribed?
Acyclovir is used to treat herpes infections of the skin,
lip, and genitals; herpes zoster (shingles); and chickenpox.
It does not cure herpes infections but decreases pain and
itching and promotes healing. Topical Acyclovir does not
prevent the recurrence of sores but may decrease pain and
itching if applied when the earliest symptoms first appear.
Oral Acyclovir decreases the frequency and severity of
recurrent sores, but it is used only by people with severe
herpes infections because of possible adverse effects. This
medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your
doctor or pharmacist for more information.
How should this medicine be used?
Acyclovir comes as an ointment for use on the skin and as a
tablet, capsule, and liquid to take by mouth. Follow the
directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask
your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not
understand. Take Acyclovir exactly as directed. Do not take
more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by
your doctor. Use this medication as soon as possible after
symptoms appear.
Clean and dry the skin area before applying the ointment.
Wear protective gloves when applying it to prevent the
spread of infection. Rub the ointment in gently. Use enough
ointment to cover all sores completely. Do not apply
Acyclovir ointment to the eyes.
Shake the liquid well before each use to mix the medication
evenly.
Continue to take Acyclovir even if you feel well. Do not
stop taking Acyclovir without talking to your doctor.
What special precautions should I follow?
Before taking Acyclovir,
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to
Acyclovir, Valacyclovir, or any other drugs.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and
nonprescription medications you are taking, especially
Probenecid, Zidovudine, and
vitamins.
• tell your doctor if you have or have ever had kidney
disease, problems with your immune system, human
immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), or acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become
pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant
while taking Acyclovir, call your doctor.
What special dietary instructions should I follow?
Acyclovir may cause an upset stomach. Take Acyclovir with
food or milk.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
If you are using tablets, capsules, or liquid, take the
missed dose as soon as you remember it and take any
remaining doses for that day at evenly spaced intervals.
If you are using ointment, apply it as soon as you remember
and apply further doses at your regular interval (e.g.,
every 3 hours) until you go to bed.
However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the
missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do
not take a double dose of either the ointment or oral
medication to make up for a missed one.
What side effects can this medication cause?
Although side effects from Acyclovir are not common,
they can occur. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms
are severe or do not go away:
• burning, stinging, itching, or rash when ointment is
applied
• headache
• upset stomach
• vomiting
• diarrhea or loose stools
If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your
doctor immediately:
• severe rash
• severe itching
• fever
• confusion
• yellowness of the skin or eyes
• blood in the urine
• stomach pain
What storage conditions are needed for this medicine?
Keep this medication in the container it came in, tightly
closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at room
temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in
the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated or
no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the proper
disposal of your medication.
In case of emergency/overdose
Call your doctor immediately.
What other information should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor and the
laboratory. Your doctor will order certain lab tests to
check your response to Acyclovir.
Do not have sexual intercourse when you can see the genital
herpes lesions. However, genital herpes can be spread even
when there are no symptoms.
Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your
pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your
prescription. If you still have symptoms of infection after
you finish topical Acyclovir, call your doctor.
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Clotrimazole
Why is this medication prescribed?
Clotrimazole is used to treat yeast infections of the
vagina, mouth, and skin such as athlete's foot, jock itch,
and body ringworm. It can also be used to prevent oral
thrush in certain patients. This medication is sometimes
prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for
more information.
How should this medicine be used?
Clotrimazole comes as a cream, lotion, and solution to
apply to the skin; lozenges (called troches) to dissolve in
the mouth; and vaginal tablets and vaginal cream to be
inserted into the vagina. Clotrimazole is usually used five
times a day for 14 days for oral thrush, twice a day (in the
morning and evening) for 2 to 8 weeks for skin infections,
and once a day at bedtime for 3 or 7 days for vaginal
infections. Follow the directions on the package or your
prescription label carefully, and ask your doctor or
pharmacist to explain any part you do not understand. Use
Clotrimazole exactly as directed. Do not use more or less of
it or use it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
To use the topical cream, lotion, or solution, thoroughly
clean the infected area, allow it to dry, and then gently
rub the medication in until most of it disappears. Use just
enough medication to cover the affected area. You should
wash your hands after applying the medication.
To use Clotrimazole vaginal cream or vaginal tablets,
read the instructions provided with the medication and
follow these steps:
• Fill the special applicator that comes with the cream to
the level indicated or unwrap a tablet, wet it with lukewarm
water, and place it on the applicator as shown in the
instructions that come with the product.
• Lie on your back with your knees drawn upward and spread
apart.
• Insert the applicator high into your vagina (unless you
are pregnant), and then push the plunger to release the
medication. If you are pregnant, insert the applicator
gently. If you feel resistance (hard to insert), do not try
to insert it further; call your doctor.
• Withdraw the applicator.
• Discard the applicator if it is disposable. If the
applicator is reusable, pull it apart and clean it with soap
and warm water after each use.
• Wash your hands promptly to avoid spreading the infection.
The vaginal cream or tablets should be applied when you lie
down to go to bed. The drug works best if you do not get up
again after applying it except to wash your hands. You may
wish to wear a sanitary napkin while using the vaginal cream
or tablets to protect your clothing against stains. Do not
use a tampon because it will absorb the drug. Do not douche
unless your doctor tells you to do so.
Continue to use Clotrimazole even if you feel well. Do not
stop using Clotrimazole without talking to your doctor.
Continue using this medication during your menstrual period.
If you obtained the Clotrimazole skin cream, lotion, or
solution without a prescription, use it for 4 weeks for
athlete's foot and 2 weeks for jock itch or body ringworm.
If your symptoms do not improve by that time, stop using the
medication and consult either a pharmacist or doctor.
If you obtained Clotrimazole vaginal cream or tablets
without a prescription and this is the first time you have
had vaginal itching and discomfort, talk with a physician
before using Clotrimazole. However, if a doctor previously
told you that you had a yeast infection and if you have the
same symptoms again, use the vaginal cream or tablets as
directed on the package 3 or 7 consecutive days, preferably
at night. If your symptoms do not improve within 3 or 7
days, call your doctor. If your symptoms return in less than
2 months, also call your doctor.
What special precautions should I follow?
Before using Clotrimazole,
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to
Clotrimazole or any other drugs.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and
nonprescription drugs you are taking, especially antibiotic
medications and vitamins.
• tell your doctor if you have or have ever had liver
disease, problems with your immune system, human
immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV), acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), diabetes, or a history of
alcohol abuse.
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become
pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant
while using Clotrimazole, call your doctor.
• tell your doctor if you drink alcohol.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
Take or insert the missed dose as soon as you remember
it. However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip
the missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule.
Do not use a double dose to make up for a missed one.
What side effects can this medication cause?
Although side effects from Clotrimazole are not common,
they can occur. If you experience any of the following
symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
• itching
• burning
• irritation
• redness
• swelling
• stomach pain
• fever
• foul-smelling discharge if using the vaginal product
• upset stomach or vomiting with the lozenges (troches)
What storage conditions are needed for this medicine?
Keep this medication in the container it came in,
tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at
room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not
in the bathroom). Do not freeze. Throw away any medication
that is outdated or no longer needed. Talk to your
pharmacist about the proper disposal of your medication.
What other information should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor. Clotrimazole
cream, lotion, and solution are for external use only. Do
not let Clotrimazole get into your eyes. Do not swallow the
topical cream, lotion, or solution. Do not swallow the
vaginal tablets or vaginal cream.
If you have a vaginal infection, refrain from sexual
intercourse. An ingredient in the cream may weaken certain
latex products like condoms or diaphragms; do not use such
products within 72 hours of using this medication. Wear
clean cotton panties (or panties with cotton crotches), not
panties made of nylon, rayon, or other synthetic fabrics.
Do not let anyone else use your medication. Ask your
pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your
prescription. If you still have symptoms of infection after
you finish the Clotrimazole, call your doctor.
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Miconazole
Why is this medication prescribed?
Miconazole, an antifungal agent, is used for skin infections
such as athlete's foot and jock itch and for vaginal yeast
infections. This medication is sometimes prescribed for
other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more
information.
How should this medicine be used?
Miconazole comes in cream, lotion, powder, spray liquid,
and spray powder to be applied to the skin. It also comes in
cream and suppositories to be inserted into the vagina.
Miconazole usually is used once or twice a day for 1 month
for athlete's foot or 2 weeks for other skin infections. For
vaginal infections, it is used once a day at bedtime for 3
or 7 days. Follow the directions
on the package or on your prescription label carefully, and
ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not
understand. Use Miconazole exactly as directed. Do not use
more or less of it or use it more often than directed by
your doctor.
It probably will take several days for improvement to be
seen in skin infections.
Apply the topical forms of Miconazole sparingly to the
infected area after washing and drying the skin thoroughly.
The cream and lotion should be rubbed gently into the skin.
Wash your hands promptly.
If you are using Miconazole vaginal cream or
suppositories, read the instructions provided with the
medication and follow these steps:
• Fill the special applicator that comes with the cream to
the level indicated, or unwrap a suppository and place it on
the applicator as shown in the instructions.
• Lie on your back with your knees drawn upward and spread
apart.
• Gently insert the applicator into the vagina, and push the
plunger to release the medication.
• Withdraw the applicator.
• Discard the applicator if it is disposable. If the
applicator is reusable, pull it apart and clean it with soap
and warm water after each use.
• Wash your hands promptly to avoid spreading the infection.
The dose should be applied when you lie down to go to bed.
It works best if you do not get up after applying it except
to wash your hands. You may wish to wear a sanitary napkin
while using the suppositories or vaginal cream to protect
your clothing against stains. Do not use a tampon because it
will absorb the drug. Do not douche unless your doctor tells
you to do so. Continue using Miconazole vaginal cream or
suppositories even if you get your period during treatment.
What special precautions should I follow?
Before using Miconazole,
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to
Miconazole or any other drugs.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and
nonprescription medications you are taking, including
vitamins.
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become
pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant
while taking Miconazole, call your doctor. Before using
Miconazole, tell your doctor if you are using a diaphragm or
condom for birth control and are being treated for a vaginal
infection. Miconazole vaginal cream and suppositories can
interact with the latex in diaphragms and condoms, so use
another method of birth control.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
Apply the missed dose as soon as you remember it. If you
remember a missed dose at the time you are scheduled to
apply the next one, omit the missed dose completely and use
only the regularly scheduled dose. Do not use a double dose
to make up for a missed one.
What side effects can this medication cause?
Although side effects from Miconazole are not common,
they can occur. If you experience any of the following
symptoms, call your doctor immediately:
• increased burning, itching, or irritation of the skin or
vagina
• stomach pain
• fever
• foul-smelling vaginal discharge
What storage conditions are needed for this medicine?
Keep this medication in the container it came in,
tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at
room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not
in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated
or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the
proper disposal of your medication.
What other information should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor. Miconazole is
for external use only. Do not let Miconazole get into your
eyes, nose, or mouth, and do not swallow it. Do not apply
dressings, bandages, cosmetics, lotions, or other skin
medications to the area being treated unless your doctor
tells you.
If you obtained the topical form of Miconazole without a
prescription and your symptoms do not improve within 4 weeks
(2 weeks for jock itch), stop using it and talk to a
pharmacist or doctor.
If this is the first time you have had vaginal itching and
discomfort, talk to a doctor before using Miconazole.
If a doctor has told you before that you had a yeast
infection and you have the same symptoms again, use the
vaginal cream or suppositories as directed on the package.
Do not let anyone else use your medication. Ask your
pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your
prescription.
If you still have symptoms of infection after you finish the
Miconazole, call your doctor.
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Diclofenac
Why is this medication prescribed?
Diclofenac is used to relieve the pain, tenderness,
inflammation (swelling), and stiffness caused by
osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing
spondylitis. Immediate-release (short-acting) Diclofenac
is also used to treat painful menstrual periods and pain
from other causes. Diclofenac is in a class of medications
called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs).
It works by stopping the body's production of a substance
that causes pain and inflammation.
How should this medicine be used?
Diclofenac comes as a tablet, a delayed-release tablet, and an extended-release
(long-acting) tablet to take by mouth. The
regular and delayed-release tablets are usually taken two to
four times a day. The extended-release tablet is usually
taken once or twice a day. To help you remember to take
Diclofenac, take it around the same time every day. Follow
the directions on your prescription label carefully, and ask
your doctor or pharmacist to explain any part you do not
understand. Take Diclofenac exactly as directed. Do not take
more or less of it or take it more often than prescribed by
your doctor.
Other uses for this medicine
Diclofenac is also used sometimes to treat pain caused
by gout and painful shoulder, bone pain, cancer pain, and
pain after surgery or childbirth. Talk to your doctor about
the possible risks of using this medication for your
condition.
This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your
doctor or pharmacist for more information.
What special precautions should I follow?
Before taking Diclofenac,
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to
Diclofenac, aspirin or other NSAIDs such as ibuprofen
and naproxen, or any other
medications.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and
nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional
supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to
mention any of the following: anticoagulants ('blood
thinners') such as warfarin aspirin; cyclosporine digoxin
diuretics ('water pills'); insulin and oral medications for
diabetes; lithium methotrexate and phenobarbital Your doctor
may need to change the doses of your medications or monitor
you carefully for side effects.
• tell your doctor if you smoke or drink large amounts of
alcohol and if you have or have ever had stomach problems
such as ulcers; asthma; high blood pressure; lupus;
porphyria; liver, heart, or kidney disease; or swelling of
the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs (fluid retention).
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become
pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant
while taking Diclofenac, call your doctor.
• if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell
the doctor or dentist that you are taking Diclofenac.
What special dietary instructions should I follow?
Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your
normal diet.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it.
However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the
missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do
not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
What side effects can this medication cause?
Diclofenac may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if
any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
• stomach pain
• diarrhea
• heartburn
• upset stomach
• constipation
• gas or bloating
• headache
• dizziness
Some side effects can be serious. The following symptoms are
uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your
doctor immediately:
• black and tarry stools
• red blood in stools
• bloody vomit
• vomiting material that looks like coffee grounds
• ringing in the ears
• swelling of the hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs
• unexplained weight gain
• excessive tiredness
• lack of energy
• itching
• pain in the upper right part of the stomach
• yellowing of the skin or eyes
• flu-like symptoms
• rash
• hives
• difficulty breathing or swallowing
• pale skin
• fever
• confusion
• blurred vision
• changes in color vision
Diclofenac may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if
you have any unusual problems while taking this medication.
What storage conditions are needed for this medicine?
Keep this medication in the container it came in,
tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at
room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not
in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated
or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the
proper disposal of your medication.
In case of emergency/overdose, call your doctor.
Symptoms of overdose may include:
• vomiting
• drowsiness
• loss of consciousness
What other information should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor and the
laboratory. Your doctor may order certain lab tests to check
your body's response to Diclofenac.
Do not let anyone else take your medication. Ask your
pharmacist any questions you have about refilling your
prescription.
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Omeprazole
Why is this medication prescribed?
Omeprazole is used to treat ulcers; gastroesophageal reflux
disease (GERD), a condition in which backward flow of acid
from the stomach causes heartburn and injury of the food
pipe (esophagus); and conditions where the stomach produces
too much acid, such as Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.
Omeprazole is used in combination with other medications to
eliminate H. pylori
How should this medicine be used?
Omeprazole comes as a delayed-release (long-acting)
capsule. It is usually taken once a day before a meal.
When taken in combination with other medications to
eliminate H. pylori
Swallow the capsules whole; do not chew or crush them.
If you have difficulty swallowing capsules, you may add the
contents of an Omeprazole capsule to applesauce. Place one
tablespoon of applesauce in an empty bowl. Open the capsule
and carefully empty all the pellets inside the capsule onto
the applesauce. Mix the pellets with the applesauce and
swallow immediately with a glass of cool water. The
applesauce should not be hot and should be soft enough to be
swallowed without chewing. Do not chew or crush the
pellets. Do not store the applesauce/pellet mixture
for future use.
Continue to take Omeprazole even if you feel well. Do not
stop taking Omeprazole without talking to your doctor.
Other uses for this medicine
Omeprazole is also used sometimes to treat laryngitis.
Talk to your doctor about the possible risks of using this
medication for your condition.
This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your
doctor or pharmacist for more information.
What special precautions should I follow?
Before taking Omeprazole,
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to
Omeprazole or any other medications.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and
nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional
supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to
mention any of the following: ampicillin anticoagulants
('blood thinners') such as warfarin cyclosporine); diazepam
disulfiram ketoconazole medications for anxiety and
seizures; phenytoin sedatives; sleeping pills;
tranquilizers; and vitamins containing iron. Your doctor may
need to change the doses of your medications or monitor you
carefully for side effects.
• tell your doctor if you have or have ever had liver
disease.
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become
pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant
while taking Omeprazole, call your doctor.
What special dietary instructions should I follow?
Unless your doctor tells you otherwise, continue your
normal diet.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it.
However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the
missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do
not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
What side effects can this medication cause?
Omeprazole may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if
any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
• stomach pain
• diarrhea
• dizziness
• mild rash
• constipation
• cough
Omeprazole may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if
you have any unusual problems while taking this medication.
What storage conditions are needed for this medicine?
Keep this medication in the container it came in,
tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at
room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not
in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated
or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the
proper disposal of your medication.
In case of emergency/overdose, call your doctor.
Symptoms of overdose may include:
• confusion
• drowsiness
• blurred vision
• rapid or pounding heartbeat
• upset stomach
• vomiting
• sweating
• flushing (feeling of warmth)
• headache
• dry mouth
What other information should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor.
Do not let anyone else take your medicine.
Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling
your prescription
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Enalapril
Why is this medication prescribed?
Enalapril is used alone or in combination with other
medications to treat high blood pressure. It is also used in
combination with other medications to treat heart failure.
Enalapril is in a class of medications called angiotensin-converting
enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. It works by decreasing certain
chemicals that tighten the blood vessels, so blood flows
more smoothly and the heart can pump blood more efficiently.
How should this medicine be used?
Enalapril comes as a tablet to take by mouth. It is
usually taken once or twice a day with or without food. To
help you remember to take Enalapril, take it around the same
time every day. Follow the directions on your prescription
label carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to
explain any part you do not understand.
Take Enalapril exactly as directed. Do not take more or less
of it or take it more often than prescribed by your doctor.
Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of
Enalapril and gradually increase your dose.
Enalapril controls high blood pressure and heart failure but
does not cure them. Continue to take Enalapril even if you
feel well. Do not stop taking Enalapril without talking to
your doctor.
Other uses for this medicine
Enalapril is also sometimes used to treat kidney disease
related to diabetes. Talk to your doctor about the possible
risks of using this medication for your condition.
This medication may be prescribed for other uses; ask your
doctor or pharmacist for more information.
What special precautions should I follow?
Before taking Enalapril,
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to
Enalapril, Benazepril, Captopril, Fosinopril, Lisinopril, Moexipril,
Perindopril, Guinapril, Ramipril, Trandolapril or any
other medications.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and
nonprescription medications, vitamins, nutritional
supplements, and herbal products you are taking. Be sure to
mention any of the following: aspirin and other nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory medications (NSAIDs) such as Indomethacin
diuretics ('water pills'); lithium and potassium
supplements. Your doctor may need to change the doses of
your medications or monitor you carefully for side effects.
• tell your doctor if you have or have ever had heart or
kidney disease; lupus; scleroderma; diabetes; or angioedema,
a condition that causes difficulty swallowing or breathing
and painful swelling of the the face, throat, tongue, lips,
eyes, hands, feet, ankles, or lower legs.
• tell your doctor if you plan to become pregnant or are
breast-feeding.
• if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell
the doctor or dentist that you are taking Enalapril.
• you should know that diarrhea, vomiting, not drinking
enough fluids, and sweating a lot can cause a drop in blood
pressure, which may cause lightheadedness and fainting.
What special dietary instructions should I follow?
Talk to your doctor before using salt substitutes
containing potassium. If your doctor prescribes a low-salt
or low-sodium diet, follow these directions carefully.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it.
However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the
missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do
not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
What side effects can this medication cause?
Enalapril may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if
any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
• cough
• dizziness
• rash
• weakness
Some side effects can be serious. The following symptoms are
uncommon, but if you experience any of them, call your
doctor immediately:
• swelling of the face, throat, tongue, lips, eyes, hands,
feet, ankles, or lower legs
• hoarseness
• difficulty breathing or swallowing
• yellowing of the skin or eyes
• fever, sore throat, chills, and other signs of infection
• lightheadedness
• fainting
Enalapril may cause other side effects. Call your doctor if
you have any unusual problems while taking this medication.
What storage conditions are needed for this medicine?
Keep this medication in the container it came in,
tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at
room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not
in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated
or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the
proper disposal of your medication.
In case of emergency/overdose, call your doctor.
Symptoms of overdose may include:
• lightheadedness
• fainting
What other information should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor and the
laboratory. Your blood pressure should be checked regularly
to determine your response to Enalapril. Your doctor may
order certain lab tests to check your body's response to
Enalapril.
Do not let anyone else take your medication.
Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about refilling
your prescription.
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Ceftazidime
About your treatment
Your doctor has ordered Ceftazidime, an antibiotic, to help
treat your infection. The drug will be either injected into
a large muscle (such as your buttock or hip) or added to an
intravenous fluid that will drip through a needle or
catheter placed in your vein for 30 minutes, one to three
times a day.
Ceftazidime eliminates bacteria that cause many kinds of
infections, including lung, skin, bone, joint, stomach,
blood, gynecological, and urinary tract infections. This
medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your
doctor or pharmacist for more information.
Your health care provider (doctor, nurse, or pharmacist) may
measure the effectiveness and side effects of your treatment
using laboratory tests and physical examinations. It is
important to keep all appointments with your doctor and the
laboratory. The length of treatment depends on how your
infection and symptoms respond to the medication.
Precautions
Before administering Ceftazidime,
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to
Ceftazidime, any other cephalosporin, cefadroxil or cephalexin penicillins, or any other drugs.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and
nonprescription medications you are taking, especially other
antibiotics, probenecid), and vitamins.
• tell your doctor if you have or have ever had kidney,
liver, or gastrointestinal disease (especially colitis).
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become
pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant
while taking Ceftazidime, call your doctor.
• if you have diabetes and regularly check your urine for
sugar,. Do not use Clinitest tablets because Ceftazidime may
cause false positive results.
Administering your medication
Before you administer Ceftazidime, look at the solution
closely. It should be clear and free of floating material.
Gently squeeze the bag or observe the solution container to
make sure there are no leaks. Do not use the solution if it
is discolored, if it contains particles, or if the bag or
container leaks. Use a new solution, but show the damaged
one to your health care provider.
It is important that you use your medication exactly as
directed. Do not stop your therapy on your own for any
reason because your infection could worsen and result in
hospitalization. Do not change your dosing schedule without
talking to your health care provider. Your health care
provider may tell you to stop your infusion if you have a
mechanical problem (such as a blockage in the tubing,
needle, or catheter); if you have to stop an infusion, call
your health care provider immediately so your therapy can
continue.
Side effects
Although side effects from Ceftazidime are not common,
they can occur. If you are administering Ceftazidime into a
muscle, it may be mixed with Lidocaine to reduce
pain at the injection site. Tell your health care provider
if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:
• diarrhea
• stomach pain
• upset stomach
• vomiting
If you experience any of the following symptoms, call your
health care provider immediately:
• unusual bleeding or bruising
• difficulty breathing
• itching
• rash
• hives
• sore mouth or throat
Storing your medication
• Your health care provider probably will give you a
several-day supply of Ceftazidime at a time. If you are
receiving Ceftazidime intravenously (in your vein), you
probably will be told to store it in the refrigerator or
freezer.
• Take your next dose from the refrigerator 1 hour before
using it; place it in a clean, dry area to allow it to warm
to room temperature.
• If you are told to store additional Ceftazidime in the
freezer, always move a 24-hour supply to the refrigerator
for the next day's use.
• Do not refreeze medications.
If you are receiving Ceftazidime intramuscularly (in your
muscle), your health care provider will tell you how to
store it properly.
Store your medication only as directed. Make sure you
understand what you need to store your medication properly.
Keep your supplies in a clean, dry place when you are not
using them, and keep all medications and supplies out of
reach of children. Your health care provider will tell you
how to throw away used needles, syringes, tubing, and
containers to avoid accidental injury.
In case of emergency/overdose, call your doctor.
Signs of infection
You should be aware of the symptoms of infection in case
your infection worsens or a new infection develops. If you
notice any of the following symptoms, tell your health care
provider as soon as possible:
• fever
• unusual tiredness or weakness
• chills
• shaking
• nighttime sweating
• loss of appetite
If you are receiving Ceftazidime in your vein or under your
skin, you need to know the symptoms of a catheter-related
infection (an infection where the needle enters your vein or
skin). If you experience any of these effects near your
intravenous catheter, tell your health care provider as soon
as possible:
• tenderness
• warmth
• irritation
• drainage
• redness
• swelling
• pain
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CO- TRIMOXAZOLE
Why is this medication prescribed?
Co-trimoxazole is a combination of Trimethoprim and
Sulfamethoxazole, a sulfa drug. It eliminates bacteria that
cause various infections, including infections of the
urinary tract, lungs (pneumonia), ears, and intestines. It
also is used to treat 'travelers' diarrhea.' Antibiotics
will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections.
This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask
your doctor or pharmacist for more information.
How should this medicine be used?
Co-trimoxazole comes as a tablet and a liquid to take by
mouth. It usually is taken two times a day but may be taken
up to four times a day for severe lung infections. Drink a
full glass of water with each dose.
Shake the liquid well before each use to mix the medication
evenly. Follow the directions on your prescription label
carefully, and ask your doctor or pharmacist to explain any
part you do not understand. Take Co-trimoxazole exactly as
directed. Do not take more or less of it or take it more
often than prescribed by your doctor.
What special precautions should I follow?
Before taking Co-trimoxazole,
• tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to Co-trimoxazole,
diuretics ('water pills', oral diabetes medications, any
sulfa drug, or any other drugs.
• tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and
nonprescription medications you are taking, especially
methotrexate, phenytoin warfarin and vitamins.
• tell your doctor if you have or have ever had liver or
kidney disease, asthma, severe allergies, or
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) deficiency (an
inherited blood disease).
• tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become
pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant
while taking Co-trimoxazole, call your doctor.
• plan to avoid unnecessary or prolonged exposure to
sunlight and to wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and
sunscreen. Co-trimoxazole may make your skin sensitive to
sunlight.
What special dietary instructions should I follow?
Co-trimoxazole may cause an upset stomach. Take Co-trimoxazole
with food.
What should I do if I forget a dose?
Take the missed dose as soon as you remember it.
However, if it is almost time for the next dose, skip the
missed dose and continue your regular dosing schedule. Do
not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
What side effects can this medication cause?
Although side effects from Co-trimoxazole are not
common, they can occur. Tell your doctor if any of these
symptoms are severe or do not go away:
• upset stomach
• vomiting
• loss of appetite
If you experience any of the following symptoms, call
your doctor immediately:
• skin rash
• itching
• sore throat
• fever or chills
• mouth sores
• unusual bruising or bleeding
• yellowing of the skin or eyes
• paleness
• joint aches
What storage conditions are needed for this medicine?
Keep this medication in the container it came in,
tightly closed, and out of reach of children. Store it at
room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not
in the bathroom). Throw away any medication that is outdated
or no longer needed. Talk to your pharmacist about the
proper disposal of your medication.
In case of emergency/overdose, call your doctor.
What other information should I know?
Keep all appointments with your doctor and the
laboratory. Your doctor will order certain lab tests to
check your response to Co-trimoxazole.
Do not let anyone else take your medication.
Your prescription is probably not refillable.
If you still have symptoms of infection after you finish the
Co-trimoxazole, call your doctor
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RULICIN
Indications
These are based on the antibacterial activity and
pharmacokinetic properties of Roxithromycin.
Roxithromycin is indicated for the treatment of mild to
moderate infections caused by susceptible organisms in the
conditions listed below:
Ear, nose and throat infections
Dental infections
Lower respiratory tract infections (Community acquired and
"Atypical" Organisms)
Skin and soft tissue infections
Non-gonococcal genito-urinary tract infections
Appropriate culture and sensitivity tests should be
performed to determine organisms susceptibility and thus
treatment suitability.
Dosage and Administration
Adults:
The usual adult dosage is 300 mg per day either as a
single dose (300 mg tablet), or in two divided doses (150 mg
tablet every 12 hours) preferably on an empty stomach or
before meals. The usual duration of treatment is 7-10 days
depending on the indication and clinical response. A small
proportion of those with non-gonococcal genital infections
may require 20 days for a cure.
In patients with documented cirrhotic liver disease, the
dosage should be reduced to 150 mg once daily.
In the elderly and those with renal failure, dosage
reduction is not required for the normally short course of
treatment .
Children:
Paediatric dosage form is not available. Children under
4 years of age should not take Roxithromycin.
Contraindications
Hypersensitivity to macrolides.
Concomitant therapy with vasoconstrictive ergotamine
type compounds.
Warnings and Precautions
The serum half-life of Roxithromycin is increased in
patients with hepatic failure.
In severe hepatic insufficiency (e.g. hepatic cirrhosis with
jaundice and/or ascites), the dose should be reduced by half
i.e. Roxithromycin 150 mg once daily.
Effects on driving and use of machines:
Attention should be drawn to the possibility of dizzy
sensations.
Use in Pregnancy:
Safety of the foetus has not been established during
pregnancy. However, studies in several animal species have
not shown any teratogenic or foetotoxic action with doses up
to 200 mg/kg/day, or 40 times the human therapeutic dose.
Use in Lactation:
Small amounts of Roxithromycin are excreted in human
breast milk (less than 0.05% of the dose ingested).
Breast-feeding or treatment of the mother should be stopped
if required.
Adverse Effects
Adverse reactions to Roxithromycin occur infrequently
and are generally mild. Of 2917 patients evaluated for
safety (taking 150 mg Roxithromycin twice daily), 4%
experienced side effects possibly or probably related to
treatment. Treatment was discontinued in 1% (27) of patients
due to side effects. Of the 480 elderly patients evaluated,
3.1% reported side effects, mainly gastrointestinal in
nature.
-------------------------------
Undesirable Effects:
Gastrointestinal (3.1%): nausea, vomiting, abdominal
pain, diarrhoea; individual case studies have reported
symptoms of pancreatitis
Hypersensitivity reactions (0.6%): mainly mucocutaneous
(rash, urticaria, angioedema); exceptionally systemic (bronchospasm,
anaphylactic shock)
Possibility of fungal overgrowth
Hepatic dysfunction; possible transient increase of
AST, ALT and/or alkaline phosphatases: rarely, cholestatic
or hepatocellular acute liver injury
As for other macrolides, disorders of taste and/or smell
have been reported.
Very rarely, central or peripheral nervous system events:
dizzy sensation, vertigo, headache and paraesthesia have
been reported however a cause and effect relationship has
not been established.
Neuropsychiatric reactions may occur including agitation,
anxiety, confusion, depression, sleep disorder and
hallucination.
-------------------------------
Interactions
Cyclosporin: No clinically significant interaction
observed
Ranitidine/Antacids: No clinically significant
interaction observed
Carbamazepine: No clinically significant interaction
observed
Magnesium hydroxide: No clinically significant
interaction observed
Oral Contraceptives:
Based on ethinyloestradiol and progesterone plasma
levels, Roxithromycin does not impair contraceptive
efficacy.
Theophylline:
A study in normal subjects concurrently administered
Roxithromycin and theophylline has shown some increase in
plasma concentration of the latter. While a change in dosage
is usually not required, patients with high levels of
theophylline at commencement of Roxithromycin should have
levels monitored.
Disopyramide:
Displacement from alpha-1-acid glycoprotein binding may
increase serum disopyramide and Roxithromycin levels. The
clinical significance is unknown.
Ergot Alkaloids:
Vomiting and peripheral ischaemia have been reported
after concomitant use of ergot alkaloids and some macrolide
antibiotics.
Warfarin:
No interaction with warfarin was found in volunteer
studies. Single case reports of increased INRs in patients
receiving both Roxithromycin and warfarin may be explained
either by an interaction with Roxithromycin or by the
infectious episode itself. On the basis of these reports
Roxithromycin may have a potentiating effect on warfarin,
but to a considerably lesser degree than erythromycin. This
effect may become clinically significant in patients
receiving polytherapy or in those who are elderly or
otherwise at risk of increased sensitivity to warfarin.
Digoxin:
Macrolides may increase the absorption of digoxin.
Midazolam:
As with other macrolides, increases in the AUC and
half-life of midazolam may occur resulting in enhanced and
prolonged effects of midazolam.
Terfenadine:
Although no interaction has been reported to date with
Roxithromycin, it should be noted that certain macrolide
antibiotics have been reported to increase serum levels of
terfenadine resulting in severe ventricular arrhythmias,
such as torsades de pointes. Caution should be exercised if
Roxithromycin is co-prescribed with terfenadine.
Overdosage
Information on human overdose is not available, however
use of activated charcoal, emesis or lavage should be
considered along with clinical monitoring and supportive
therapy. LD50 dosage was high in mice and rats at 0.75 g/kg
and 1-1.7 g/kg, respectively. In dogs, a dose of 2 g/kg did
not result in toxicity.
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Prednisolone INJECTION
Active Ingredients: Prednisolone Injection
What are Prednisolone injection or sterile suspension?
Prednisolone is a corticosteroid. It helps to reduce
swelling, redness, itching, and allergic reactions and can
be used to treat severe allergies, skin problems, asthma,
arthritis and other conditions. Generic Prednisolone
injection or sterile suspension are available.
What should my health care professional know before I
receive Prednisolone?
They need to know if you have any of these conditions:
•cataracts or glaucoma
•Cushing's syndrome
•diabetes
•heart problems, or previous heart attack
•high blood pressure or blood clotting disorder
•infection, such as herpes, measles, tuberculosis or
chickenpox
•myasthenia gravis
•pschosis
•osteoporosis
•recent surgery
•seizures (convulsions)
•stomach or intestinal disease, including colitis
•under-active thyroid
•an unusual or allergic reaction to Prednisolone, sulfites,
other corticosteroids, medicines, foods, dyes, or
preservatives
•pregnant or trying to get pregnant
•breast-feeding
How should I use this medicine?
Prednisolone injection or sterile suspension can be injected
into a muscle, joint, lesion, or soft tissue. Injections are
given by a health-care professional in a hospital, clinic,
or prescriber's office.
Contact your pediatrician or health care professional
regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care
may be needed.
What if I miss a dose?
This may not apply. If you are having a series of injections
over a prolonged period, try not to miss an appointment.
Call your prescriber or health care professional to
reschedule if you are unable to keep an appointment.
What drug(s) may interact with Prednisolone?
•Acetazolamide
•Amphotericin B
•Antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen)
•Barbiturate medicines for inducing sleep or treating
seizures
•blood thinners
•Bosentan
•certain heart medicines
•female hormones, including contraceptives or birth control
pills
•live virus vaccines, and other toxoids and vaccines
•medicines for diabetes
•Phenytoin
•Rifabutin
•Rifampin
•water pills
Tell your prescriber or health care professional about all
other medicines you are taking, including non-prescription
medicines, nutritional supplements, or herbal products. Also
tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are
a frequent user of drinks with caffeine or alcohol, if you
smoke, or if you use illegal drugs. These may affect the way
your medicine works. Check with your health care
professional before stopping or starting any of your
medicines.
What side effects may I notice from receiving
Prednisolone?
Side effects that you should report to your prescriber
or health care professional as soon as possible:
•bloody or black, tarry stools
•confusion, excitement, restlessness, a false sense of
well-being
•eye pain, decreased or blurred vision, or bulging eyes
•fever, sore throat, sneezing, cough, or other signs of
infection, wounds that will not heal
•frequent passing of urine
•increased thirst
•irregular heartbeat
•menstrual problems
•mental depression, mood swings, mistaken feelings of
self-importance or of being mistreated
•muscle cramps or weakness
•nausea, vomiting
•pain in hips, back, ribs, arms, shoulders, or legs
•pain, redness, swelling, or infection at the injection site
•rounding out of face
•skin problems, acne, thin and shiny skin
•stomach pain
•swelling of feet or lower legs
•unusual bruising, pinpoint red spots on the skin
•unusual tiredness or weakness
•weight gain or weight loss
Side effects that usually do not require medical attention
(report to your prescriber or health care professional if
they continue or are bothersome):
•diarrhea or constipation
•headache
•increased or decreased appetite
•increased sweating
•nervousness, restlessness, or difficulty sleeping
•upset stomach
•unusual increased growth of hair on the face or body
What should I watch for while taking Prednisolone?
Visit your prescriber or health care professional for
regular checks on your progress. If you are receiving
Prednisolone over a prolonged period, carry an
identification card with your name and address, the type and
dose of your medicine, and your prescriber's name and
address. Do not suddenly stop using Prednisolone. You may
need to gradually reduce the dose, so that your body can
adjust. Follow the advice of your prescriber or health care
professional.
If you are receiving Prednisolone regularly, avoid contact
with people who have an infection. You will have an
increased risk from infection while taking Prednisolone.
Tell your prescriber or health care professional if you are
exposed to anyone with measles or chickenpox, or if you
develop sores or blisters that do not heal properly.
If you are going to have surgery, tell your prescriber or
health care professional that you have received Prednisolone
within the last twelve months.
If you receive Prednisolone every day, you may need to watch
your diet. Your body can lose potassium while you are taking
this medicine. Ask your prescriber or health care
professional about your diet.
Prednisolone can affect your blood sugar. If you are
diabetic check with your prescriber or health care
professional if you need help adjusting the dose of your
diabetic medicine.
Alcohol can increase the risk of getting serious side
effects while you are receiving Prednisolone. Avoid
alcoholic drinks.
Prednisolone can interfere with certain lab tests and can
cause false skin test results.
If Prednisolone has been injected into one of your joints,
do not put too much stress on the joint. Talk to your prescriber or health care professional about how much you
can use the joint while it is healing.
People who are taking certain dosages of Prednisolone may
need to avoid immunization with certain vaccines or may need
to have changes in their vaccination schedules to ensure
adequate protection from certain diseases. Make sure to tell
your prescriber or health care professional that you are
taking Prednisolone before receiving any vaccine.
Where can I keep my medicine?
Keep out of the reach of children.
Store at room temperature between 15 and 30 degrees C (59
and 86 degrees F); do not freeze. Throw away any unused
medicine after the expiration date.
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